enhancing
the defaults 007:
contextual reference line
Reference lines are a powerful graphic feature for comparing values to a benchmark. The line could be the average or median of the items displayed on a chart. In Excel, you can configure this reference line to be interactive with pivot table slicers and this simple interactivity can enrich the visualization at hand by providing context and perspective into what’s displayed. Let’s learn how can it be implemented in Excel.
Again, many thanks to Robert Mundigl for sharing his technique of using table slicers combined with SUBTOTAL functions for multiple selection in interactive data graphics.
Links mentioned in the video:
If you have any questions or suggestions, let me know in the comments section on the YouTube video above.
For consulting inquiries, please direct message me on LinkedIn. Thank you.
Below are real examples in the wild of charts with contextual reference line:
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/9ba4dfb8-4f93-4ef4-a1bd-b24744b58bdd
Source: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2023/10/entenda-os-numeros-por-idade-e-sexo-do-censo-2022-do-ibge.shtml
Source: https://www.faz.net/aktuell/israel-krieg/krieg-in-nahost-gesundheitsversorgung-im-gazastreifen-bricht-ein-19288159.html
Source: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2023/11/taylor-swift-e-mais-dancante-que-beatles-entenda-as-musicas-da-turne-da-cantora.shtml
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/11/20/the-world-is-still-failing-to-come-close-to-its-climate-goals
Source: https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2023/11/16/intemperies-un-niveau-de-precipitations-inedit-en-france_6200513_4355770.html
Source: https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/thanksgiving-tradition-returns-hectic-travel-us-2023-11-22/
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/43e20ea8-4467-4823-9e39-686fd45c4306
Source: https://theathletic.com/5085181/2023/11/23/premier-league-title-race-assessed/
Source: https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/grand-old-party-how-aging-makes-you-more-conservative-8b2515b0?mod=e2twg
Source: https://thedivtagguy.com/tidytuesday/taylor-swift/
Source: https://www.elmundo.es/economia/actualidad-economica/2023/10/22/6530de08e85eced01c8b4588.html
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/6d8bad29-3147-44a2-bc61-70f8ceff6c6f
Source: https://www.wsj.com/science/environment/wildfire-smoke-is-erasing-gains-from-decades-of-cleaner-air-e53c6559
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/datablog/2023/sep/22/eastern-australia-sweltered-under-heatwaves-this-week-how-unusual-were-they
Source: https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/hypersonic-missiles-america-military-behind-936a3128
Source: https://www.wsj.com/finance/banking/banks-load-up-on-1-2-trillion-in-risky-hot-deposits-e9477800?mod=e2twg
Source: https://www.wsj.com/us-news/how-crops-survived-drought-deluge-and-the-hottest-summer-on-record-4d5ba925
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/09/16/term-limits-congress-senate-house/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/08/10/to-help-schoolchildren-in-poor-countries-reduce-lead-poisoning
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2023-global-warming-impacts-data/
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-faces-2024-split-screen-of-campaign-and-criminal-trials-d8d49536
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/where-you-can-still-find-a-work-from-home-job-57d03262
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-todays-housing-market-its-timing-over-location-eefdb890
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-and-inflation-to-limit-global-trade-growth-in-2023-wto-says-c3d7adee
Source: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/03/24/who-are-the-oldest-and-youngest-current-world-leaders/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/03/22/online-daters-are-less-open-minded-than-their-filters-suggest
Source: https://ig.ft.com/russias-war-in-ukraine/
Source: https://ig.ft.com/russias-war-in-ukraine/
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/02/07/sports/basketball/lebron-james-kareem-abdul-jabbar-points.html
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-2023-oscar-nominations-blockbusters-back-in-best-picture-mix-11674650187
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/18/climate/california-drought.html
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/japan-aging-adapting-shrinking-population-feature
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/japan-aging-adapting-shrinking-population-feature
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/12/28/luka-doncic-triple-double-history/
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-shares-head-for-worst-year-ever-as-elon-musk-focuses-on-twitter-11671854064
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/11/30/the-worlds-most-and-least-expensive-cities
Source: https://ladatacuenta.com/2022/11/29/te-interesa-la-ciencia-la-cientifica-del-ano-en-costa-rica-te-cuenta-como-derribo-barreras-e-hizo-su-carrera-en-cambio-climatico/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/10/27/american-born-women-had-more-babies-during-the-pandemic
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-covid-billionaires/
Source: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/energie-gas-knappheit-sparen-verbrauch-1.5670512?reduced=true
Source: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/1-in-5-pitchers-are-frequently-violating-mlbs-future-pitch-clock/
Source: https://www.latimes.com/projects/2022-california-election-governor-money-tracker/
Source: https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch/status/1566806384838152193
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/45b500b5-21a0-4762-92c2-e41b76f9a32d
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/7c426ae0-b4b5-4fb0-993d-78fae0d4212c
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2022/london-104-degrees-your-city/
Source: https://stories.lavanguardia.com/sociedad/20220720/55971/espana-enfrenta-peor-verano-incendios-ultimos-15-anos
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/c333a6d8-0a56-488c-aeb8-eeb1c05a34d2
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-a-strong-dollar-means-for-the-rest-of-the-world-11658482200?mod=e2twg
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/6e52be5f-4091-4b38-8156-9e3e7f4e4bf3
Source: https://www.szabadeuropa.hu/a/erdotuz-europa-hohullam/31948726.html
Source: https://www.tijd.be/politiek-economie/internationaal/algemeen/hittestolp-houdt-extreme-temperaturen-vast-boven-west-europa/10402488.html
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/07/18/how-bad-are-europes-wildfires
Source: https://www.nzz.ch/visuals/corona-die-schweiz-kam-besser-durch-als-deutschland-ld.1693007
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/air-travel-is-broken-heres-why-11658152047
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/7e420e8f-ae6c-4809-a8ca-6ae7792fa260
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/5ed407bd-ac0d-4293-a0fe-c01dfa15d9d2
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/07/14/the-pecking-order-of-the-worlds-population-is-soon-to-change
Source: https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/pentagons-ukraine-coffers-run-dry-threatening-kyivs-grip-on-its-territory-5862a95f?mod=e2twg
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-china-international-travel-slow-return/
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/electric-vehicles/
Source: https://www.economist.com/interactive/essay/2022/07/01/how-hong-kong-became-a-police-state
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/06/30/young-children-may-benefit-from-having-more-male-teachers
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/b9372dd0-be20-400c-8b0a-f3f99c4f44d8
Source: https://www.economist.com/interactive/graphic-detail/2024/01/30/how-motherhood-hurts-careers
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/2d3e6f53-3829-431f-930f-41c14605e685
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/6383fe12-63db-4fb1-81dc-a4ccccda3dab
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/8927424e-2828-4414-86b7-f3a991214288
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/165f9aee-1180-4be8-903b-b166dc4e4fa1
Source: https://biqdata.wyborcza.pl/biqdata/7,159116,28315457,ofiary-epoki-putina-kilkanascie-znanych-i-tysiace-bezimiennych.html
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/02/13/climate/flooding-sea-levels-groundwater.html
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-15/which-banks-may-face-scrutiny-of-commercial-real-estate-exposure
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-25/koch-network-will-stop-funding-haley-in-blow-to-her-2024-bid
Source: https://ig.ft.com/russia-sanctions/
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-26/covid-made-heart-disease-deadlier-puzzling-scientists
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-inflation-ron-johnson-senate-wisconsin/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/06/10/russias-economy-appears-to-be-back-on-track
Source: https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-05/krieg-hunger-ukraine-russland-lebensmittelknappheit
Source: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-to-host-a-congressional-hearing-that-actually-like-does-something/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/06/02/americas-congressional-maps-are-a-bit-fairer-than-a-decade-ago
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/2f1d62ee-bc1b-4eae-bebd-f4e32076bcd5
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/summer-worker-shortage-means-pools-camps-closed-11653918501?st=of2db7m9aksg8ru
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/f2d72f42-af5f-4922-8fcb-f50a32f37afc
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/baby-formula-shortage-stuns-states-including-tennessee-kansas-and-delaware-11652526002
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/8a436da0-0531-4561-b6f8-35fcd79b6d79
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-opinion-biden-accomplishment-data/
Source: https://www.dw.com/de/wie-w%C3%A4re-deutschland-wenn-nur-frauen-w%C3%A4hlen-w%C3%BCrden/a-68335752
Source: https://twitter.com/OurWorldInData/status/1765399130405208181
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/08/business/economy/remote-work-home.html
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/09/world/asia/china-childbirth-propaganda.html
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/0cdf345a-0966-4be0-9d90-17ca38aa512f
Source: https://www.economist.com/britain/2024/02/28/a-changing-british-electorate-is-propelling-labour-towards-victory
Source: https://www.diariosur.es/antropia/salud-mental-espana-profesiones-acumulan-bajas-medicas-20240304000703-ntrc.html
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/jobs-numbers/
Source: https://www.eldiario.es/economia/mitad-contratos-abril-indefinidos-alcanzar-record-historico-700-000_1_8962635.html
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/04/27/republican-senators-gained-almost-160000-twitter-followers-after-elon-musks-deal
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/60b6e023-08b3-4c5f-a6e6-d4fa66b24f97
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/04/14/upshot/tonga-pressure-wave.html
Source: https://biqdata.wyborcza.pl/biqdata/7,159116,30797689,cpk-wybory-w-rosji-sytuacja-w-ukrainie-i-25-lat-nato-infografiki.html
Source: https://ourworldindata.org/weather-forecasts
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-03-13/save-taxes-with-boxx-it-is-too-good-to-be-true
Source: https://www.wsj.com/tech/how-a-possible-tiktok-ban-stands-to-shake-up-the-social-media-landscape-d0528cec
Source: https://www.wsj.com/sports/basketball/lebron-james-nba-career-averages-f17fb9d1
Source: https://flowingdata.com/2024/03/13/common-age-differences-married-couples/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/03/30/how-the-war-in-ukraine-compares-to-other-refugee-crises
Source: https://atlo.team/valasztas2022-reszletes/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/04/02/a-wild-gerrymander-makes-hungarys-fidesz-party-hard-to-dislodge
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/f4c3f541-4fd3-4ca0-b79b-0fcacd27f851
Source: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/projekte/artikel/wissen/klimawandel-mehr-fortschritt-als-erwartet-e577336/
Source: https://www.nzz.ch/visuals/corona-in-deutschland-aktuelle-zahlen-grafiken-und-regeln-ld.1656184
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2024/dc-cherry-blossom-peak-bloom-climate-change/
Source: https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/trump-is-in-a-race-against-time-to-protect-his-fortune-1109865e
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/24/opinion/why-is-europe-still-buying-oil-from-putin.html
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/tracking-the-return-to-normalcy-after-covid-19
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/03/12/the-war-in-ukraine-has-made-russian-social-media-users-glum
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-wells-fargo-black-home-loan-refinancing/
Source: https://www.npr.org/2022/03/10/1084897499/nurses-are-waiting-months-for-licenses-as-hospital-staffing-shortages-spread
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/business/economy/russia-europe-sanctions-gas-oil.html
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/ng-interactive/2022/feb/25/lockdown-lifestyles-how-lives-changed-covid-pandemic
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/0eccfeef-2913-43a7-9518-6728f15e556e
Source: https://thewhyaxis.substack.com/p/new-data-on-how-americans-drank-themselves
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-high-gasoline-prices-could-stick-around-for-a-while-11644489001
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/70020670-9f45-451b-8612-0a785ac16a5e
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/us/us-covid-deaths.html
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/01/28/in-tennis-the-elite-capture-the-glory-and-most-of-the-money
Source: https://multimedia.tijd.be/gascrisis/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/01/22/do-vaccine-mandates-actually-work
Source: https://www.lanacion.com.ar/el-mundo/un-espejo-de-lo-que-pasara-en-la-argentina-asi-evoluciono-omicron-en-los-paises-en-los-que-pego-nid13012022/
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/9e29ad1c-b0a5-4b7d-b569-f1f8dd0e8e04
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/d5f203a4-faef-4d18-98a0-d30fc16b6d9d
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-01-13/gazprom-tweets-about-european-gas-shortages-it-may-be-creating
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/01/14/why-britain-needs-more-migrants
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/04/facebook-election-misinformation-capitol-riot/
Source: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-the-presidents-party-almost-always-has-a-bad-midterm/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/12/11/early-data-on-omicron-show-surging-cases-but-milder-symptoms
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/5b9a72e0-4b0f-4e57-84a2-b9132d5cd9b4
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/12/10/business/inflation-cpi-stock-market-news#food-prices-and-rent-surged-in-november-helping-fuel-inflation
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/12/08/where-workers-quitting-jobs/
Source: https://elpais.com/actualidad/newsletter-kiko-llaneras/2021-12-04/por-que-es-inquietante-la-nueva-variante-covid-los-datos-que-tenemos-de-omicron-y-los-que-no.html
Source: https://www.dw.com/en/covid-how-europes-prisons-have-fared-in-the-pandemic/a-60006262
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/12/04/maryland-redistricting-special-session/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/30/tel-aviv-is-the-worlds-most-expensive-city
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/974487ab-54be-4b43-945c-597277aa1292
Source: https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/11/26/visualisez-le-pic-attendu-des-doses-de-rappel-qui-devrait-intervenir-debut-janvier_6103751_4355770.html
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-11-23/the-winners-and-losers-from-a-year-of-ranking-covid-resilience
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/11/28/business/economy/high-inflation-millennials.html
Source: https://elpais.com/cultura/2021-11-26/el-museo-reina-sofia-se-reordena-y-cuenta-otra-historia-del-arte.html
Source: https://elpais.com/sociedad/2021-11-29/como-es-la-nueva-ola-europea-de-contagios-que-ya-impacta-en-espana.html
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/11/19/house-spending-reconciliation-bill/
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/17/which-vaccine-is-the-most-effective-against-the-delta-variant
Source: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/gesundheit/coronavirus-impfungen-impfdurchbrueche-neuinfektionen-1.5467579
Source: https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/vacunados-tres-dosis-paises-ricos-superan-poblacion-pobres_1_8496223.html
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/20/botched-covid-19-test-results-in-britain-led-to-thousands-of-extra-cases
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/20/botched-covid-19-test-results-in-britain-led-to-thousands-of-extra-cases
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/18/ivermectin-may-help-covid-19-patients-but-only-those-with-worms
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/7e32dfb1-2282-40fa-9b10-181c01272ba3
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-09/cop26-pledges-bring-world-closer-to-1-5-c-goal
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/11/several-rich-countries-have-decoupled-gdp-growth-from-emissions
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/8330da6c-031d-4613-8f55-5b0269eaac00
Source: https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/corona-vierte-welle-deutschland-zeitvergleich/
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/thanksgiving-dinner-staples-might-be-hard-to-find-thanks-to-supply-chain-issues-11636453800
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/8a5cc4bf-6966-4821-a0cb-dd3a48e29afb
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/05/why-is-indias-air-so-toxic
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/d9e832b7-525b-470b-89db-6275853315dd
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/e9884cee-bb85-4fae-9ae9-7d3edf26c35d
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/11/05/as-winter-draws-near-covid-19-threatens-europe-once-again
Source: https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaft/engpaesse-auf-intensivstationen-trotz-impfungen-ld.1653368
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/e11add47-b1f9-4fe9-8faa-0bd72fc31367
Source: https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2021/supervisor-scores/
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/11/05/minimum-corporate-tax-rates/
Source: https://www.eldiario.es/economia/octubre-registra-datos-historicos-empleo-160-000-trabajadores-descenso-inedito-paro_1_8454259.html
Source: https://www.eldiario.es/economia/octubre-registra-datos-historicos-empleo-160-000-trabajadores-descenso-inedito-paro_1_8454259.html
Source: https://www.npr.org/2021/10/29/1045344199/cop26-glasgow-climate-summit
Source: https://www.economist.com/special-report/2021/10/27/why-the-world-needs-negative-emissions
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2021/climate-pledges-cop26/
Source: https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/uno-klimakonferenz-so-steht-es-um-die-globale-erwaermung-a-659a6694-9b46-4559-a08e-7aa0dd5cb658
Source: https://www.letemps.ch/sciences/quatre-graphiques-comprendre-enjeux-climatiques
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/10/30/a-new-study-argues-that-insufficient-infrastructure-doomed-the-first-electric-cars
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2021-emissions-turning-point/
Source: https://www.quarks.de/umwelt/klimawandel/wetter-oder-klimawandel-2/#/berlin-tempelhof
Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-20/coal-power-continues-to-dominate-global-energy-mix
Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/10/19/republicans-trust-in-democracy-has-plunged-since-2016
Source: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-roberts-court-vs-the-trump-court/
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/06b30dfb-998e-443f-a2bd-41f0b2ca4ab9
Source: https://www.ft.com/content/54159598-0aa7-4b65-943d-9832aba560f8
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source: https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2024/11/06/presidentielle-americaine-2024-dans-la-quasi-totalite-des-etats-kamala-harris-a-perdu-du-terrain-par-rapport-a-joe-biden_6379293_4355770.html
source: https://www.startribune.com/where-minnesotas-politics-have-shifted-over-20-years-and-6-presidential-elections/601177860?utm_source=gift
source: https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/us-wahl-2024-so-rueckt-donald-trump-die-usa-nach-rechts-trends-themen-waehlergruppen-a-f3a3b116-b719-40c7-9796-35b45891597c
source: https://www.ft.com/content/0dc04f38-249e-4ae0-af96-62e35e813259
source: https://x.com/YouGov/status/1859199892033335366/photo/1
source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2024/11/22/which-shares-have-done-best-from-the-trump-trade
source: https://www.wsj.com/finance/investing/us-deficit-stock-market-presidents-compared-2013d93c?mod=e2twg